Pharmacokinetics: Cyanocobalamin is administered intranasally, orally, and parenterally, while hydroxocobalamin is administered only parenterally. Once absorbed, vitamin B12 is highly bound to transcobalamin II, a specific B-globulin carrier protein and is distributed and stored primarily in the liver as coenzyme B12. The bone marrow also stores a significant amount of the absorbed vitamin B12. This vitamin crosses the placenta and is distributed into breast milk. Enterohepatic recirculation conserves systemic stores. The half-life is about 6 days (400 days in the liver). Elimination is primarily through the bile; however, excess cyanocobalamin is excreted unchanged in the urine
(2) Irradiated refers to the process of bombarding a uranium or molybdenum target with radiation in order to produce Mo-99
Poor technique, like vigorous shaking, using the wrong solvent, or ignoring sterility, can cause foaming (which risks oxidation), precipitation (insoluble aggregates), or rapid degradation from bacterial byproducts
Withdraw the needle and apply light pressure with a cotton ball or clean tissue if there is any bleeding
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